Download Excel Sheet for Following Calculations:
Excel FileLink to the Free Online Book:
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Excel FileDownload CSV file for Correlation Matrix:
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PPT FileLink to JASP:
Jasp-stats.orgeLink to R:
r-project.orgLesson 1: Introduction to Basics of Classical Statistics and the Chi-Square:
Video Link Practice AssignmentLesson 2: The Average Trap and Introduction to T-tests:
Video Link Practice AssignmentLesson 3: Two Kinds of T-tests and How to Calculate them by Hand:
Video Link Practice AssignmentLesson 4: Introduction to Non-parametric Tests and Calculating Simple Comparison Tests by Hand:
Video Link Practice AssignmentLesson 5: Introduction to Multiple Groups Testing, the ANOVA, and Post-hoc Analysis:
Video Link Practice AssignmentSpring, R. (2026). From concept to calculation: Classical statistics in language education research. TESL-EJ Publications.
Visit the research page of the creator, Ryan Spring, for examples of these tests used in practical research.